可以使用任何一版有APT套件管理的LiveCD來安裝Ubuntu
建議使用基於ubuntu 15.04 以上的版本安裝
genfstab只支援mount-2.25以上的版本
ubuntu 14.xx 以前只能手動建立fstab

以xenial+xfce為例

安裝 debootstrap
直接下載該版本debootstrap, 使用dpkg安裝.
$ wget http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_1.0.78_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i debootstrap_*.deb


掛載安裝目標分割區到/mnt
範例:sda4
# mount /dev/sda4 /mnt

安裝 Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus base
debootstrap --arch [ARCH] [版本] [掛載目錄] [套件庫來源]
套件庫來源參考
http://wiki.ubuntu-tw.org/index.php?title=%E5%A5%97%E4%BB%B6%E5%BA%AB%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90

安裝64-bit版本
# debootstrap --arch amd64 xenial /mnt http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

安裝32-bit版本
# debootstrap --arch i386 xenial /mnt http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

配置新系統sources
另外打開終端機
$ sudo leafpad /mnt/etc/apt/sources.list
添加
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse

若有獨立的/boot分割區
# mount /dev/sdax /mnt/boot

安裝genfstab
# wget https://projects.archlinux.org/arch-install-scripts.git/snapshot/arch-install-scripts-15.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf arch-install-scripts-15.tar.gz
# cd arch-install-scripts-15
# make
# cp genfstab /usr/bin
# cd ../

建立fstab
# genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab

掛載虛擬檔案系統
# mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
# mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
# mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
# mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

切換到新系統
# chroot /mnt

更新 sources.lst
# apt-get update

安裝 Linux 核心
查看linux-image版本與headers
# apt-cache search linux-image
# apt-cache search linux-headers

# apt-get install linux-image-4.4.0-6-generic
# apt-get install linux-firmware
# apt-get install linux-image-extra-4.4.0-6-generic
# apt-get install linux-headers-4.4.0-6-generic

安裝 Grub Boot loader
如果安裝核心時grub2已經安裝過, 就跳過此步驟.
BIOS
# apt-get install grub2 os-prober
# grub-install --recheck /dev/sda # BIOS/MBR
# grub-install --force /dev/sda # BIOS/GPT

UEFI
# apt-get install grub2 efibootmgr os-prober
# mkdir /boot/EFI
# mount /dev/sda1 /boot/EFI
# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/EFI --bootloader-id=ubuntu --recheck

建立開機選單
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
或
# update-grub


設定主機名稱
範例: localhost
# echo localhost > /etc/hostname

設定系統時間
# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
或
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime

設定系統顯示時間為localtime(BIOS顯示時間)
# hwclock --systohc --localtime

設定 root 密碼
# passwd

建立使用者帳號與密碼
範例: 帳號名稱: mint
apt-get install sudo
# useradd -m -g users -s /bin/bash mint
設定密碼
# passwd mint
加入群組
# gpasswd -a mint sudo
# gpasswd -a mint users

sudo免密碼(可選)
sudo leafpad /mnt/etc/sudoers
%admin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
%sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL


驅動安裝
# apt-get install xorg #顯示/輸入
# apt-get install alsa-utils # 音效卡驅動
# apt-get install ntfs-3g # NTFS File System Support
# apt-get install gvfs # Partition Mount Tools
# apt-get install blueman # 藍芽管理(GTK)
# apt-get install pcscd pcsc-tools # 晶片讀卡機驅動(可選)

系統工具
NetworkManager 面板程式
# apt-get install network-manager network-manager-pptp network-manager-gnome network-manager-pptp-gnome

如apt-get無法連接下載
# sed -i '$a nameserver 192.168.1.1' /run/NetworkManager/resolv.conf

其他工具
# apt-get install pciutils # lspci
# apt-get install xbacklight # 亮度調整工具
# apt-get install genisoimage # mkisofs
# apt-get install squashfs-tools # squashfs
# apt-get install wget git subversion # NetTools

桌面環境(XFCE)
# apt-get install xfce4
# apt-get install xfce4-goodies (可選)
# apt-get install xfce4-volumed
# apt-get install dmz-cursor-theme
如不安裝顯示管理器 啟動指令為 startx

佈景主題(Base)
# apt-get install gnome-icon-theme
# apt-get install gtk2-engines
# apt-get install gtk2-engines-murrine
# apt-get install gtk2-engines-pixbuf

安裝字形
# apt-get install fonts-dejavu fonts-wqy-microhei

面板音量控制圖示
# apt-get install indicator-sound-gtk2
或
# wget https://github.com/Mint-Fans/linux-package/raw/ubuntu/pa-applet_17.33-1_amd64.deb
# dpkg -i pa-applet_17.33-1_amd64.deb

顯示管理器 (LightDM)
# apt-get install lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter

設定螢幕亮度與伽瑪
打開新的終端機修改
$ sudo leafpad /mnt/etc/lightdm/display_setup.sh
----------------------------------------------
xbacklight -set 80
xgamma -gamma 0.7
----------------------------------------------
$ sudo chmod +x /mnt/etc/lightdm/display_setup.sh

自動登入
打開新的終端機修改
$ sudo leafpad /mnt/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
最底下添加
----------------------------------------------
[SeatDefaults]
pam-service=lightdm-autologin
autologin-user=mint
autologin-user-timeout=0
display-setup-script=/etc/lightdm/display_setup.sh
----------------------------------------------
# groupadd autologin
# gpasswd -a mint autologin

移除應用程式(可選)
# apt-get --purge remove xubuntu-icon-theme
# apt-get --purge remove xarchiver
# apt-get --purge remove mousepad
# apt-get autoremove

影音播放器
# apt-get install parole (XFCE內建)
# apt-get install vlc

firefox
# apt-get install firefox firefox-locale-zh-hant

Adobe Flash Player
# apt-get install flashplugin-installer

# apt-get install leafpad (簡易文字編輯器)
# apt-get install gparted (磁碟管理工具)
# apt-get install file-roller (壓縮管理員)
# apt-get install simple-scan (簡易掃描)
# apt-get install system-config-printer-gnome (列印)
# apt-get install gucharmap (字元對應表)
# apt-get install gnome-calculator (計算機)
# apt-get install pidgin (即時通)
# apt-get install thunderbird (mail)
# apt-get install transmission-gtk (BT續傳)
# apt-get install evince (文件檢視器)
# apt-get install gnome-font-viewer (字型檢視器)
# apt-get install catfish (搜尋檔案)
# apt-get install banshee (音樂播放器)
# apt-get install ristretto (圖片檢視器)
# apt-get install gthumb (簡易圖形編輯)
# apt-get install brasero (燒錄工具)
# apt-get install xfce4-screenshooter (螢幕快照)

# apt-get autoremove
# apt-get autoclean
# apt-get clean all

退出
# exit

卸載虛擬檔案系統
# umount /mnt/dev/pts
# umount /mnt/dev
# umount /mnt/proc
# umount /mnt/sys

若有掛載獨立的 /boot 分割區
# umount /mnt/boot
卸載最後裝置
# umount -l /mnt
# exit

重新啟動


========
設定語言
========
# apt-get install locales
# locale-gen zh_TW.UTF-8
# echo LANG=zh_TW.UTF-8 > /etc/default/locale
# sed -i '$a LANGUAGE=zh_TW:zh' /etc/default/locale
# sed -i '$a LC_NUMERIC=zh_TW.UTF-8' /etc/default/locale

安裝中文語言包
# apt-get install language-pack-zh-hant language-pack-zh-hant-base language-pack-gnome-zh-hant language-pack-gnome-zh-hant-base