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Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) Released

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MMX

回覆: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) Released

#11

會員三級

註冊日期:
2011/7/9 13:27

所屬群組:
已註冊使用者

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EXP: 35

20.04總算讓人重拾了信心…

昨天安裝完後，歷經近20次的重新啟動開機，
都不再遇上18.10、19.04、19.10下卡在登入畫面動彈不得的狀況了…

^_^

2020/4/27 16:19

工具箱

wilhelm

回覆: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) Released

#12

會員二級

註冊日期:
2007/1/13 14:26

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桌面分享無反應...找不到vino-preferences

尚不知如何解決...?

2020/4/30 22:32

工具箱

samwhelp

回覆: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) Released

#13

會員五級

註冊日期:
2012/4/22 10:50

所屬群組:
已註冊使用者

等級: 36
HP : 179 / 899

MP : 666 / 28742

EXP: 96

wilhelm 寫到：
桌面分享無反應...找不到vino-preferences

尚不知如何解決...?

剛簡單探索了一下「vino」，先紀錄下來，當參考，我還沒真的實際去測試它的功能

================================================================================

執行

$ apt-file search vino-preferences

顯示

app-install-data: /usr/share/app-install/desktop/vino:vino-preferences.desktop

查了一下網路上的資料，找到

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino_(VNC_server)

以下摘錄

Configuration up to version 3.8.0 was via the vino-preferences program. This was removed from the packages after that version, since the gnome-control-center could then be used alternatively to control settings.

================================================================================

我是在「Xubuntu 20.04」上測的，目前還沒安裝「Ubuntu 20.04」這個環境來測試。

## 安裝 vino

執行下面指令，安裝「vino」

$ sudo apt-get install vino

安裝好後

執行下面指令

dpkg -L vino

顯示

/.
/usr
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/systemd
/usr/lib/systemd/user
/usr/lib/systemd/user/vino-server.service
/usr/lib/vino
/usr/lib/vino/vino-server
/usr/share
/usr/share/applications
/usr/share/applications/vino-server.desktop
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/vino
/usr/share/doc/vino/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/vino/NEWS.gz
/usr/share/doc/vino/README
/usr/share/doc/vino/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/vino/copyright
/usr/share/glib-2.0
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.Vino.enums.xml
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.Vino.gschema.xml

執行下面指令

$ dpkg -L vino | grep schemas

顯示

/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.Vino.enums.xml
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.Vino.gschema.xml

================================================================================

目前「gnome」的軟體，大概都是透過「gsettings」的機制去存取設定的。

## list

執行

$ gsettings list-recursively | grep Vino

顯示

org.gnome.Vino prompt-enabled true
org.gnome.Vino require-encryption true
org.gnome.Vino use-alternative-port false
org.gnome.Vino disable-background false
org.gnome.Vino disable-xdamage false
org.gnome.Vino alternative-port uint16 5900
org.gnome.Vino icon-visibility 'client'
org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods ['none']
org.gnome.Vino network-interface ''
org.gnome.Vino notify-on-connect true
org.gnome.Vino mailto ''
org.gnome.Vino lock-screen-on-disconnect false
org.gnome.Vino use-upnp false
org.gnome.Vino vnc-password 'keyring'
org.gnome.Vino view-only false

這些欄位的定義，可以在上面找到的兩個檔案找到

/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.Vino.enums.xml
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.Vino.gschema.xml

舉例

$ grep vnc-password /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.Vino.gschema.xml

顯示

specified by the vnc-password key) before connecting and "none"
<key name='vnc-password' type='s'>

注意: 在「/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/」放置的，只是初始定義，
真正有改變的「欄位值」，會存在「dconf」那裡（~/.config/dconf/user）。
下方會說明。

================================================================================

上面找到的資料提到，也可以透過「gnome-control-center」去設定，

透過「$ gnome-control-center sharing」去設定後，

注意: 有安裝「vino」這個「Package」，「gnome-control-center sharing」才會顯示相關的設定選項

再執行一次

$ gsettings list-recursively | grep Vino

顯示

org.gnome.Vino prompt-enabled false
org.gnome.Vino require-encryption true
org.gnome.Vino use-alternative-port false
org.gnome.Vino disable-background false
org.gnome.Vino disable-xdamage false
org.gnome.Vino alternative-port uint16 5900
org.gnome.Vino icon-visibility 'client'
org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods ['vnc']
org.gnome.Vino network-interface ''
org.gnome.Vino notify-on-connect true
org.gnome.Vino mailto ''
org.gnome.Vino lock-screen-on-disconnect false
org.gnome.Vino use-upnp false
org.gnome.Vino vnc-password 'eHh4eHh4eHg='
org.gnome.Vino view-only false

可以看到一些欄位有被改變了

================================================================================

一時寫不了那麼詳細，先簡單介紹 gsettings 的用法，當作您探索的起點，

## get

執行

$ gsettings get org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods

顯示

['none']

================================================================================

## set

執行

$ gsettings set org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods "['vnc']"

接著再執行一次

$ gsettings get org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods

顯示

['vnc']

================================================================================

## reset

執行

$ gsettings reset org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods

接著再執行一次

$ gsettings get org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods

顯示

['none']

================================================================================

執行

$ gsettings list-schemas | grep vino -i

或是

$ gsettings list-schemas | grep Vino

顯示

org.gnome.Vino

================================================================================

執行

$ gsettings list-keys org.gnome.Vino

顯示

prompt-enabled
require-encryption
use-alternative-port
disable-background
disable-xdamage
alternative-port
icon-visibility
authentication-methods
network-interface
notify-on-connect
mailto
lock-screen-on-disconnect
use-upnp
vnc-password
view-only

================================================================================

執行

$ gsettings range org.gnome.Vino icon-visibility

顯示

enum
'never'
'always'
'client'

================================================================================

## Help

$ man gsettings

執行

$ gsettings

或是執行

$ gsettings -h

顯示

Usage:
  gsettings --version
  gsettings [--schemadir SCHEMADIR] COMMAND [ARGS…]

Commands:
  help                      Show this information
  list-schemas              List installed schemas
  list-relocatable-schemas  List relocatable schemas
  list-keys                 List keys in a schema
  list-children             List children of a schema
  list-recursively          List keys and values, recursively
  range                     Queries the range of a key
  describe                  Queries the description of a key
  get                       Get the value of a key
  set                       Set the value of a key
  reset                     Reset the value of a key
  reset-recursively         Reset all values in a given schema
  writable                  Check if a key is writable
  monitor                   Watch for changes

Use “gsettings help COMMAND” to get detailed help.

執行

$ gsettings help get

顯示

Usage:
  gsettings [--schemadir SCHEMADIR] get SCHEMA[:PATH] KEY

Get the value of KEY

Arguments:
  SCHEMADIR A directory to search for additional schemas
  SCHEMA    The name of the schema
  PATH      The path, for relocatable schemas
  KEY       The key within the schema

================================================================================

驗證上面提到的

真正有改變的「欄位值」，會存在「dconf」那裡（~/.config/dconf/user）。

先執行

執行

$ gsettings set org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods "['vnc']"

執行

$ dconf dump / | grep authentication-methods -A 4 -B 2

顯示

[org/gnome/desktop/remote-access]
authentication-methods=['vnc']
prompt-enabled=false
view-only=false
vnc-password='eHh4eHh4eHg='

執行

$ grep authentication-methods ~/.config/dconf/user

顯示

Binary file /home/user/.config/dconf/user matches

執行

$ grep authentication-methods ~/.config/dconf/user -a

=================

接著 reset

$ gsettings reset org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods

執行

$ dconf dump / | grep authentication-methods -A 4 -B 2

沒有任何顯示，就接著下一個提示字元。

執行

$ grep authentication-methods ~/.config/dconf/user

沒有任何顯示，就接著下一個提示字元。

執行

$ dconf dump / | grep 'org/gnome/desktop/remote-access' -A 4 -B 1

顯示

[org/gnome/desktop/remote-access]
prompt-enabled=false
view-only=false
vnc-password='eHh4eHh4eHg=

================================================================================

以上初步介紹，之前的一些討論，或多或少，我都有提到一些

有一些討論案例跟「gsettings」相關的，我紀錄在「[索引] 泛Ubuntu 安裝調校」，
在下方的「## gsettings and dconf」。

還有一些案例，像是「mousepad」，

* https://github.com/samwhelp/play-ubuntu-20.04-plan/tree/master/tool/mousepad

或是「gnome桌面」的一些設定，很多都會碰到「gsettings」。

* https://github.com/samwhelp/play-ubuntu-18.04-plan/blob/master/prototype/de-basic/play-gnome/config-install.sh#L49
* https://github.com/samwhelp/play-ubuntu-20.04-plan/blob/master/prototype-xsession/xsession-wm-metacity/metacity/xsession-wm-metacity-with-tint2/config-install.sh
* https://github.com/samwhelp/play-ubuntu-20.04-plan/blob/master/prototype-xsession/xsession-wm-metacity/marco/xsession-wm-marco-with-tint2/config-install.sh

另外操作「gsettings」也有一個圖形界面工具「dconf-editor」。

================================================================================

以上提供參考，報告完畢

2020/5/1 11:43

* Ubuntu 行為規範
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* Ubuntu 探索筆記 (討論串)
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* samwhelp 個人筆記

工具箱

samwhelp

回覆: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) Released

#14

會員五級

註冊日期:
2012/4/22 10:50

所屬群組:
已註冊使用者

等級: 36
HP : 179 / 899

MP : 666 / 28742

EXP: 96

延續上面「#13」，

先紀錄目前探索到的

================================================================================

注意：以下我是在「Xubuntu 20.04」測試的

================================================================================

執行

$ gnome-control-center sharing

做了一些設定操作，會看到類似如下的訊息

顯示

(gnome-control-center:60039): sharing-cc-panel-WARNING **: 13:25:43.734: couldn't list networks: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing was not provided by any .service files

(gnome-control-center:60039): sharing-cc-panel-WARNING **: 13:25:43.746: couldn't list networks: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing was not provided by any .service files

(gnome-control-center:60039): sharing-cc-panel-WARNING **: 13:25:52.102: Failed to enable service vino-server: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing was not provided by any .service files

(gnome-control-center:60039): sharing-cc-panel-WARNING **: 13:25:52.105: couldn't list networks: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing was not provided by any .service files

================================================================================

$ dpkg -L vino

顯示

/.
/usr
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/systemd
/usr/lib/systemd/user
/usr/lib/systemd/user/vino-server.service
/usr/lib/vino
/usr/lib/vino/vino-server
/usr/share
/usr/share/applications
/usr/share/applications/vino-server.desktop
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/vino
/usr/share/doc/vino/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/vino/NEWS.gz
/usr/share/doc/vino/README
/usr/share/doc/vino/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/vino/copyright
/usr/share/glib-2.0
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.Vino.enums.xml
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.Vino.gschema.xml

================================================================================

執行

$ cat /usr/lib/systemd/user/vino-server.service

顯示

[Unit]
Description=Vino VNC server

[Service]
Type=dbus
BusName=org.gnome.Vino
ExecStart=/usr/lib/vino/vino-server
Restart=on-abnormal

================================================================================

參考

* https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/User
* https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/User_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)

================================================================================

執行

$ systemctl --user status vino-server.service

顯示

● vino-server.service - Vino VNC server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/vino-server.service; static; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: inactive (dead)

================================================================================

執行

$ systemctl --user start vino-server.service

================================================================================

執行

$ systemctl --user status vino-server.service

顯示

● vino-server.service - Vino VNC server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/vino-server.service; static; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-05-01 13:34:50 CST; 2s ago
   Main PID: 4990 (vino-server)
     CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/user@1000.service/vino-server.service
             └─4990 /usr/lib/vino/vino-server

接著就可以使用「krdc」來測試連線

參考我之前紀錄的一篇「探索」。

若是要使用「$ vncviewer」來測試連線，簡易的方式，則是參考剛剛找到的一篇「心得文章」，

只要額外設定，指令如下

$ gsettings set org.gnome.Vino require-encryption false

================================================================================

執行下面指令，安裝「qdbus-qt5」

$ sudo apt-get install qdbus-qt5

================================================================================

執行

$ qdbus | grep vino -i

顯示

org.gnome.Vino

================================================================================

執行

$ qdbus org.gnome.Vino

顯示

/
/org
/org/gnome
/org/gnome/vino
/org/gnome/vino/screens
/org/gnome/vino/screens/0

================================================================================

執行

$ qdbus org.gnome.Vino /org/gnome/vino/screens/0

顯示

signal void org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.PropertiesChanged(QString interface_name, QVariantMap changed_properties, QStringList invalidated_properties)
method QDBusVariant org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get(QString interface_name, QString property_name)
method QVariantMap org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.GetAll(QString interface_name)
method void org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Set(QString interface_name, QString property_name, QDBusVariant value)
method QString org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable.Introspect()
method QString org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer.GetMachineId()
method void org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer.Ping()
property read QString org.gnome.VinoScreen.AvahiHost
property read bool org.gnome.VinoScreen.Connected
property read QString org.gnome.VinoScreen.ExternalHost
property read ushort org.gnome.VinoScreen.ExternalPort
property read QString org.gnome.VinoScreen.Host
property read ushort org.gnome.VinoScreen.Port

================================================================================

執行

$ qdbus org.gnome.Vino /org/gnome/vino/screens/0 org.gnome.VinoScreen.Port

顯示

5900

================================================================================

除了「qdbus」，例如「gdbus」或是「dbus-send」

之前在「[索引] 泛Ubuntu 安裝調校」，有紀錄關於「dbus」的討論連結。

================================================================================
以上提供參考，提供您一個探索的起點

報告完畢

2020/5/1 14:14

工具箱

samwhelp

回覆: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) Released

#15

會員五級

註冊日期:
2012/4/22 10:50

所屬群組:
已註冊使用者

等級: 36
HP : 179 / 899

MP : 666 / 28742

EXP: 96

延續「#14」提到的

執行「$ gnome-control-center sharing」，會出現類似如下的訊息

samwhelp 寫到：

(gnome-control-center:60039): sharing-cc-panel-WARNING **: 13:25:43.734: couldn't list networks: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing was not provided by any .service files

(gnome-control-center:60039): sharing-cc-panel-WARNING **: 13:25:43.746: couldn't list networks: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing was not provided by any .service files

(gnome-control-center:60039): sharing-cc-panel-WARNING **: 13:25:52.102: Failed to enable service vino-server: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing was not provided by any .service files

(gnome-control-center:60039): sharing-cc-panel-WARNING **: 13:25:52.105: couldn't list networks: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing was not provided by any .service files

主要是因為，我在「Xubuntu 20.04」底下測，我沒有啟動「/usr/libexec/gsd-sharing」。

===============================================================================

執行

$ apt-file search org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing

執行

gnome-settings-daemon: /etc/xdg/autostart/org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing.desktop

===============================================================================

執行

$ dpkg -S org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing

顯示

gnome-settings-daemon: /etc/xdg/autostart/org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing.desktop

===============================================================================

執行

$ cat /etc/xdg/autostart/org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing.desktop

顯示

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=GNOME Settings Daemon's sharing plugin
Exec=/usr/libexec/gsd-sharing
OnlyShowIn=GNOME;
NoDisplay=true
X-GNOME-Autostart-Phase=Initialization
X-GNOME-Autostart-Notify=true
X-GNOME-AutoRestart=true
X-GNOME-HiddenUnderSystemd=true
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gnome-settings-daemon

===============================================================================

我手動執行

$ /usr/libexec/gsd-sharing &

然後再操作「gnome-control-center sharing」，就不會出現上面提到的訊息了。

也能在「gnome-control-center sharing」「啟動」和「關閉」「vino-server」了。

===============================================================================

若要下指令「啟動」和「關閉」「vino-server」，參考指令如下

$ systemctl --user start vino-server.service

$ systemctl --user stop vino-server.service

觀看狀態，指令如下

$ systemctl --user status vino-server.service

===============================================================================

其實也可以執行下面指令啟動「vino-server」

/usr/lib/vino/vino-server &

可以參考下面兩個檔案的設定

* /usr/lib/systemd/user/vino-server.service
* /usr/share/applications/vino-server.desktop

執行

$ grep '^Exec' /usr/lib/systemd/user/vino-server.service

顯示

ExecStart=/usr/lib/vino/vino-server

執行

$ grep '^Exec' /usr/share/applications/vino-server.desktop

顯示

Exec=/usr/lib/vino/vino-server --sm-disable

===============================================================================

若是有啟動「/usr/libexec/gsd-sharing」，

則是可以透過下面指令，來啟動「vino-server"」

$ qdbus org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing /org/gnome/SettingsDaemon/Sharing org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Sharing.EnableService "vino-server"

===============================================================================

執行

$ dpkg -L gnome-settings-daemon-common | grep sharing

顯示

/usr/lib/systemd/user/gsd-sharing.service
/usr/lib/systemd/user/gsd-sharing.target
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.sharing.gschema.xml
/usr/lib/systemd/user/gnome-session-initialized.target.wants/gsd-sharing.target

執行

$ gsettings list-recursively | grep org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.sharing

顯示

org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.sharing priority 0
org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.sharing active true

===============================================================================

以上補充

2020/5/1 15:04

工具箱

林才元

回覆: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) Released

#16

會員二級

註冊日期:
2009/4/15 8:05

來自臺灣高雄鳳山五甲

所屬群組:
已註冊使用者

等級: 8
HP : 0 / 189

MP : 30 / 7723

EXP: 57

https://askubuntu.com/questions/5018/is-it-possible-to-upgrade-from-a-32bit-to-a-64bit-installation
請問這篇寫的是否可行？
https://medium.com/@george.shuklin/my-upgrade-from-i386-to-amd64-and-fix-dpkg-without-dpkg-72c730369912

sudo apt-get -f install
sudo dpkg --add-architecture amd64
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-image-generic:amd64
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get --download-only install dpkg:amd64 tar:amd64 apt:amd64
sudo dpkg --install /var/cache/apt/archives/*_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg --print-architecture
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -f install

2020/5/1 21:44

工具箱

samwhelp

回覆: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) Released

#17

會員五級

註冊日期:
2012/4/22 10:50

所屬群組:
已註冊使用者

等級: 36
HP : 179 / 899

MP : 666 / 28742

EXP: 96

林才元寫到：
https://askubuntu.com/questions/5018/is-it-possible-to-upgrade-from-a-32bit-to-a-64bit-installation
請問這篇寫的是否可行？

附加裡面提到的「另一篇」

這個小弟不才，其實我也不曉得是否可行！

Orz...

我個人通常是重灌，避免一些未知的狀況發生，

不過您會這麼問，應該是您有自己的考量！

另外我也會把一些慣用的安裝步驟，寫成腳本，紀錄下來

* https://github.com/samwhelp/play-ubuntu-20.04-plan
* https://github.com/samwhelp/play-ubuntu-18.04-plan

重灌時，我就可以下指令，去恢復，雖然沒有百分百，但可以稍微省掉一些時間。

以上提供參考，報告完畢

2020/5/3 1:10

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